Sphinx 自由開放原始碼全文搜尋引擎

大家都知道，MySQL 的 full-text 在大量筆數資料搜尋時，會造成 record 鎖住、資料庫 loading 大增。為了解決這樣的問題，我們找到 Sphinx。



Sphinx 是一套 Open-Source 的套件軟體。除了獨立安裝於 Unix-Like，也支援了 Win32 with Mysql(+PostgreSQL) 版本。另外，也可以成為 MySQL 的 Plugin，跟 MySQL 結合在一起。

在使用前，請規劃作為建立 index 的欄位，好讓 Sphinx 幫你建立好 Index 以方便搜尋。通常我們會將作為 index 欄位裡的資料，先用分詞系統分好，以提高準確度，尤其是在中文方面。目前中文分詞方式，以詞庫及 UTF-8 分詞兩種方式較為普遍，下次有機會再介紹。

安裝方式
本範例在 Ubuntu 8.04 中，用 tarball 方式安裝。下載頁面：http://www.sphinxsearch.com/downloads.html

% tar zxvf sphinx-0.9.8.tar.gz
% cd sphinx-0.9.8/
% ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sphinx --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-includes=/usr/local/mysql/include \
--with-mysql-libs=/usr/local/mysql/libs
% make; make install

設定 sphinx.conf
下方為基本設定，其他詳細設定請見 sphinx.conf.dist

source src1
{
type = mysql
sql_host = db_host
sql_user = db_user
sql_pass = db_password
sql_db = database
sql_port = 3306 # optional, default is 3306
sql_query = SELECT id, group_id, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(date_added) AS date_added, title, content FROM documents
sql_attr_uint = group_id
sql_query_info = SELECT * FROM documents WHERE id=$id
sql_ranged_throttle = 0
sql_range_step = 5000
}

index test1
{
source = src1

path = /usr/local/sphinx098/var/data/src1
docinfo = extern
charset_type = utf-8

html_strip = 0
min_infix_len = 1
min_word_len = 1

# 適用於 utf-8 的 charset table
charset_table = U+FF10..U+FF19->0..9, 0..9, U+FF41..U+FF5A->a..z, U+FF21..U+FF3A->a..z,A..Z->a..z, a..z, U+0149, U+017F, U+0138, U+00DF, U+00FF, U+00C0..U+00D6->U+00E0..U+00F6, U+00E0..U+00F6, U+00D8..U+00DE->U+00F8..U+00FE, U+00F8..U+00FE, U+0100->U+0101, U+0101, U+0102->U+0103, U+0103, U+0104->U+0105, U+0105, U+0106->U+0107, U+0107, U+0108->U+0109, U+0109, U+010A->U+010B, U+010B, U+010C->U+010D, U+010D, U+010E->U+010F, U+010F, U+0110->U+0111, U+0111, U+0112->U+0113, U+0113, U+0114->U+0115, U+0115, U+0116->U+0117, U+0117, U+0118->U+0119, U+0119, U+011A->U+011B, U+011B, U+011C->U+011D, U+011D, U+011E->U+011F, U+011F, U+0130->U+0131, U+0131, U+0132->U+0133, U+0133, U+0134->U+0135, U+0135, U+0136->U+0137, U+0137, U+0139->U+013A, U+013A, U+013B->U+013C, U+013C, U+013D->U+013E, U+013E, U+013F->U+0140, U+0140, U+0141->U+0142, U+0142, U+0143->U+0144, U+0144, U+0145->U+0146, U+0146, U+0147->U+0148, U+0148, U+014A->U+014B, U+014B, U+014C->U+014D, U+014D, U+014E->U+014F, U+014F, U+0150->U+0151, U+0151, U+0152->U+0153, U+0153, U+0154->U+0155, U+0155, U+0156->U+0157, U+0157, U+0158->U+0159, U+0159, U+015A->U+015B, U+015B, U+015C->U+015D, U+015D, U+015E->U+015F, U+015F, U+0160->U+0161, U+0161, U+0162->U+0163, U+0163, U+0164->U+0165, U+0165, U+0166->U+0167, U+0167, U+0168->U+0169, U+0169, U+016A->U+016B, U+016B, U+016C->U+016D, U+016D, U+016E->U+016F, U+016F, U+0170->U+0171, U+0171, U+0172->U+0173, U+0173, U+0174->U+0175, U+0175, U+0176->U+0177, U+0177, U+0178->U+00FF, U+00FF, U+0179->U+017A, U+017A, U+017B->U+017C, U+017C, U+017D->U+017E, U+017E, U+0410..U+042F->U+0430..U+044F, U+0430..U+044F, U+05D0..U+05EA, U+0531..U+0556->U+0561..U+0586, U+0561..U+0587, U+0621..U+063A, U+01B9, U+01BF, U+0640..U+064A, U+0660..U+0669, U+066E, U+066F, U+0671..U+06D3, U+06F0..U+06FF, U+0904..U+0939, U+0958..U+095F, U+0960..U+0963, U+0966..U+096F, U+097B..U+097F, U+0985..U+09B9, U+09CE, U+09DC..U+09E3, U+09E6..U+09EF, U+0A05..U+0A39, U+0A59..U+0A5E, U+0A66..U+0A6F, U+0A85..U+0AB9, U+0AE0..U+0AE3, U+0AE6..U+0AEF, U+0B05..U+0B39, U+0B5C..U+0B61, U+0B66..U+0B6F, U+0B71, U+0B85..U+0BB9, U+0BE6..U+0BF2, U+0C05..U+0C39, U+0C66..U+0C6F, U+0C85..U+0CB9, U+0CDE..U+0CE3, U+0CE6..U+0CEF, U+0D05..U+0D39, U+0D60, U+0D61, U+0D66..U+0D6F, U+0D85..U+0DC6, U+1900..U+1938, U+1946..U+194F, U+A800..U+A805, U+A807..U+A822, U+0386->U+03B1, U+03AC->U+03B1, U+0388->U+03B5, U+03AD->U+03B5, U+0389->U+03B7, U+03AE->U+03B7, U+038A->U+03B9, U+0390->U+03B9, U+03AA->U+03B9, U+03AF->U+03B9, U+03CA->U+03B9, U+038C->U+03BF, U+03CC->U+03BF, U+038E->U+03C5, U+03AB->U+03C5, U+03B0->U+03C5, U+03CB->U+03C5, U+03CD->U+03C5, U+038F->U+03C9, U+03CE->U+03C9, U+03C2->U+03C3, U+0391..U+03A1->U+03B1..U+03C1, U+03A3..U+03A9->U+03C3..U+03C9, U+03B1..U+03C1, U+03C3..U+03C9, U+0E01..U+0E2E, U+0E30..U+0E3A, U+0E40..U+0E45, U+0E47, U+0E50..U+0E59, U+A000..U+A48F, U+4E00..U+9FBF, U+3400..U+4DBF, U+20000..U+2A6DF, U+F900..U+FAFF, U+2F800..U+2FA1F, U+2E80..U+2EFF, U+2F00..U+2FDF, U+3100..U+312F, U+31A0..U+31BF, U+3040..U+309F, U+30A0..U+30FF, U+31F0..U+31FF, U+AC00..U+D7AF, U+1100..U+11FF, U+3130..U+318F, U+A000..U+A48F, U+A490..U+A4CF,

# 在 sphinx 中也有提供簡單的分詞功能，但只能切 1-gram
# ngram_len = 1
# ngram_chars = U+4E00..U+9FBF, U+3400..U+4DBF, U+20000..U+2A6DF, U+F900..U+FAFF, U+2F800..U+2FA1F, U+2E80..U+2EFF, U+2F00..U+2FDF, U+3100..U+312F, U+31A0..U+31BF, U+3040..U+309F, U+30A0..U+30FF, U+31F0..U+31FF, U+AC00..U+D7AF, U+1100..U+11FF, U+3130..U+318F, U+A000..U+A48F, U+A490..U+A4CF
}

indexer
{
mem_limit = 256M
}

searchd
{
address = 0.0.0.0
port = 3312

log = /usr/local/sphinx098/var/log/searchd.log
query_log = /usr/local/sphinx098/var/log/query.log

read_timeout = 5
max_children = 300
pid_file = /usr/local/sphinx098/var/log/searchd.pid
max_matches = 100000
}

如何應用

設定好之後，就可以來做 index 了
% /usr/local/sphinx/bin/indexer --all

接下來就可以利用 console mode 來查詢。
% /usr/local/sphinx/bin/search "test"

如果要利用 sphinx php-extension - sphinxapi 來查詢，請先啟動 daemon
% /usr/local/sphinx/bin/searchd --iostats

停止 daemon
% /usr/local/sphinx/bin/searchd --stop

在解開的 sphinx-0.9.8/api 中，有 sphinx api。可以配合 searchd Daemon 的啟動，在 PHP 中搜尋 sphinx 的 Index 資料。

Sphinx 有提供範例 test.php 是一般查詢及簡單的呈現。test2.php 則是會將搜尋的關鍵字及摘要附在呈現的頁面上。

參考來源
‧全文搜尋 Sphinx on Rails
‧php_example_script
‧Sphinx 0.9.8.1 reference manual